Hormone Imbalances

Hormone imbalances occur when there is too much or too little of a hormone in the bloodstream. Because hormones play a key role in regulating many of the body’s functions—such as metabolism, mood, reproduction, and sleep—even small shifts can create noticeable symptoms. Functional medicine explores how lifestyle, diet, environmental exposures, and stress may contribute to hormonal shifts and aims to support the body’s natural ability to restore balance.

What Are Hormone Imbalances?

Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system. They control a wide variety of processes in the body including energy levels, menstrual cycles, digestion, immune responses, and sleep patterns. A hormone imbalance refers to any disruption in this delicate system, and symptoms can vary depending on which hormones are affected.

Common Types of Hormone Imbalances

Some of the most frequently discussed hormone imbalances include:

  • Estrogen Dominance: When estrogen levels are too high relative to progesterone. This may be linked with PMS, heavy periods, fibroids, or breast tenderness.

  • Low Progesterone: Often seen in the second half of the menstrual cycle, and may contribute to anxiety, insomnia, or irregular periods.

  • Thyroid Imbalance (Hypo- or Hyperthyroidism): Affects metabolism, energy, mood, and temperature regulation.

  • Cortisol Dysregulation (Adrenal Imbalance): Often related to chronic stress. Can present as fatigue, poor sleep, or feeling “tired but wired.”

  • Insulin Resistance: Affects blood sugar balance and may play a role in weight gain, fatigue, and cravings.

  • Low Testosterone (in men or women): May be associated with fatigue, low libido, and muscle loss.

Signs and Symptoms of Hormone Imbalances

Hormonal shifts can look different for everyone, but some commonly reported symptoms include:

  • Fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest

  • Mood swings, anxiety, or depression

  • Irregular or painful menstrual cycles

  • Weight gain, especially around the midsection

  • Sleep disturbances or insomnia

  • Brain fog or difficulty concentrating

  • Low libido

  • Hair thinning or hair loss

  • Dry skin or adult acne

  • Hot flashes or night sweats

Hormone Imbalances in Women

Hormone imbalances can show up throughout a woman’s life—from puberty to post-menopause. In addition to PMS or cycle irregularities, symptoms can include:

  • Fertility challenges

  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

  • Perimenopause-related changes (e.g., hot flashes, mood changes)

  • Estrogen dominance or low progesterone symptoms

  • Thyroid issues, which are more common in women

Hormone Imbalances in Men

Though less talked about, men also experience hormone imbalances. These may be linked to:

  • Low testosterone

  • Erectile dysfunction or low libido

  • Fatigue and lack of motivation

  • Mood changes or irritability

  • Muscle loss and weight gain

  • Sleep issues

What Causes Hormone Imbalances?

Hormonal changes may be influenced by a variety of internal and external factors, including:

  • Chronic stress and poor sleep

  • Blood sugar dysregulation

  • Gut imbalances or inflammation

  • Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (e.g., plastics, pesticides)

  • Nutrient deficiencies

  • Over- or under exercising

  • Genetics and aging

How Functional Medicine Approaches Hormone Imbalance

Functional medicine focuses on identifying and addressing potential root causes of hormone dysregulation. Support may include:

  • Personalized nutrition strategies

  • Stress reduction and nervous system support

  • Gut health and detoxification support

  • Nutraceuticals and herbs that may assist in hormone balance

  • Lifestyle strategies to improve sleep, movement, and blood sugar regulation

Note: This approach is not a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment, but may complement your care by supporting the body’s ability to rebalance naturally.